Xatireler/Recollections

（English follows)

“Xatireler” namliq bu eser yazghuchi Zunun Qadirining 1980-yillarning bashlirida yazghan eslime xaraktérliq kitabchisidur, shundaqla uning 1963-yilidin 1979-yilighiche sozulghan uzun yilliq sürgün we mejburiy emgek hayatidin kéyin ömrining axirida yazghan muhim eserlirining biridur.

“Xatireler” namliq bu eslimening birinchi qismi ayrim-ayrim mawzularda yézilghan edebiy xatire sheklide1981-yili élan qilinishqa bashlighan. 1980-yillarning ikkinchi yérimigha kelgende yazghuchi Zunun Qadirining salametliki nacharliship, közi körmes bolup qalghan. Buning bilen uning bir ömürlük hayat kechürmishliri awazliq shekilde ün’alghu léntisigha élinip, 3 tomluq kitab halitide neshir qilinish pilanlan’ghan, emma kéyinche türlük sewebler tüpeyli neshir qilinish imkaniyitige érishelmigen. Zunun Qadirining wapatidin kéyin, uning 1980-yillarning bashlirida yazghan 17 parche eslime xatiresi toplinip,1992-yili mexsus kitab halitide neshir qilin’ghan. Bu kitap 1991-yili Xenzuchigha terjime qilinip, Shinjang xelq neshriyati teripidin neshir qilin’ghan.

Yazghuchi Zunun Qadirining “Xatireler” namliq bu eslimisi uning baliliq dewridiki kechürmishliridin bashlan’ghan bolup, waqit jehettin 1920-yillardin taki 1940-yillarning bashlirighiche bolghan tarixiy jeryan’gha toghra kelidu. Uningda Ili rayonidiki Uyghurlarning 20-esirning bashliridiki siyasiy, ijtimaiy we medeniy hayati omumiy jehettin yorutulush bilen bir waqitta, yazghuchining baliliq mezgilidin bashlap taki yashliq dewridiki japa-musheqqetke we tewekkülchilikke tolghan oqush hem bilim élish yolidiki izdinishliri nuqtiliq teswirlen’gen. Bu eser noqul halda yazghuchining shexsiy hayatidiki kechürmishlirining hékayisi yaki ölük halettiki teswiri emes. Eserde oqurmenlerni eng jelp qilidighan nuqta, yazghuchining ötmüsh tesiratlirigha we kechmishlirige bolghan semimiy hem chin pozitsiyesidur. Bolupmu eserde yazghuchining baliliq we yashliq dewride özige qattiq tesir qilghan weqeler, shexsler, ishlar, adet-qa’idiler, udum-eqidiler, turmush tesiratliri hemde a’ile hayatidiki inchike détallarni chin héssiyati bilen qiziqarliq shekilde bayan qilishi, oqurmenlerni chongqur oygha salidu. Mesilen, bu eslimining “bilim élish yolida” namliq böliki oqurmenler teripidin eng söyülüp oqulghan bir parche bolup, 1980-yillarda ottura mektleplerning til-edebiyat derslikige kirgüzülgen. Uningda yazghuchining 1930-yillarda yenimu ilgirilep bilim élish üchün Ghuljadin Ürümchige kélish jeryanida japa-musheqqetlik sepiri, Sowét Ittipaqigha bérip oqush üchün körsetken tirishchanliqliri we meghlubiyiti, militarist Shéng Shiseyning dehshetlik réjimi we pütkül rayonda yürgüzgen térrorluq siyasiti netijiside minglighan Uyghur yashlirining éghir wehime ichide qélishi, shundaqla özining tunji drama esirining Ürümchide sehnige élip chiqilish jeryanidiki egri-toqay jeryanlar intayin semimiylik bilen yorutulghan.

“Zunun Qadiri Eserliri” ge kirgüzülgen “Xatiriler” namliq bu eslime, uning 1980-yillarning bashlirida yazghan, kéyinche ün’alghu léntisigha sözligen, shundaqla 3 tom qilip neshir qilishni pilanlighan eslimisining bash qismidur. Yeni uning pütkül eslimisining üchtin bir qismidur. Eslimining bash qismidiki mezmunlar 1949-yilidin ilgiriki kechürmishler bilen baghliq bolgahchqa, 1980-yillarda élan qilinish imkaniyitige érishken, emma eslimining ün’alghu léntisigha élin’ghan kéyinki ikki tomi, yeni Kommunist Xitay istilasidin kéyinki kechürmishlerge béghishlanghan qismi hazirgha qeder yoruq körelmigen.

Bu eslimide pishqan bir yazghuchining közidin 1920-yillardin 1940-yillarghiche bolghan jeryandiki Uyghur jem’iyitining réal körünüshi teswirlen’gen. Eslimide yazghuchining shexsiy kechürmishliri we hayat hékayisi arqiliq 20-esirning aldinqi yérimidiki Uyghur ziyaliylirining tarixi, yeni Uyghur jem’iyitide hazirqi zaman ziyaliylar qatlimining dunyagha kélishi, shekillinishi we deslepki tereqqiyati teswirlep bérilgen. Shunga bu eslime hazirqi zaman Uyghur bilim ademliri bilen ziyalilar qatlimining tereqqiyat tarixini chüshinishte, 20-esirdiki Xitay bilen Sabiq Sowét Ittipaqining ikki tereplik tesiri hem zeretlishi astida qalghan Uyghur jem’iyitining ijtima’iy tarixini tetqiq qilishta muhim qimmetke igidur.

English starts here

Zunun Qadiri's Recollections is a profound and compelling biographical work that offers readers an intimate look into the life and struggles of the author, as well as the broader socio-political and cultural landscape of Uyghur society during the early 20th century. Written in the early 1980s, this memoir reflects Qadiri's experiences during his long years of exile and forced labor, spanning from 1963 to 1979, and stands as one of his most significant contributions to modern Uyghur literature, penned near the end of his life.

The first part of Recollections was initially published in 1981 in the form of literary recollections, divided into distinct topics. By the mid-1980s, Zunun Qadiri’s health had worsened, leaving him blind. As a result, his life story was recorded in audio format, with plans to publish it as a three-volume book. Unfortunately, due to various challenges, this ambitious project was never fully realized. After his passing, 17 pieces of his memoirs written in the early 1980s were compiled and published as a book in 1992. Prior to this, the work had been translated into Chinese in 1991 and released by the Xinjiang People’s Publishing House.

The current work represents about one third of Qadiri’s memoirs, covering the period before the establishment of the People’s Republic. (The rest has never surfaced and may be considered lost.)

The memoir begins with Qadiri’s childhood experiences and spans the historical period from the 1920s to the early 1940s. It provides a vivid depiction of the political, social, and cultural life of the Uyghurs in the Ili region during the early 20th century. At the same time, it narrates the author’s personal journey—his struggles, perseverance, and determination in pursuing education and knowledge from childhood to youth. What sets Recollections apart is its authenticity; it is not merely a static recounting of events but a deeply emotional and sincere reflection on the author’s life and the circumstances surrounding him.

One of the most notable sections of the memoir is titled "On the Road to Knowledge." This chapter is particularly beloved by readers and was even included in Uyghur secondary school literature textbooks in the 1980s. It recounts Qadiri’s arduous journey from Ghulja to Urumqi in the 1930s to further his education, his attempts and failures to study in the Soviet Union, and the oppressive terror imposed by militarist Sheng Shicai’s regime. The section also highlights the challenges Qadiri faced in staging his first dramatic work in Ürümqi, narrated with remarkable sincerity and depth.

Through Recollections, Qadiri masterfully portrays the historical realities of Uyghur society between the 1920s and 1940s, offering readers a realistic and nuanced view of the era. The memoir goes beyond personal storytelling to shed light on the emergence, formation, and initial progress of modern Uyghur intellectuals. It explores the socio-political dynamics of the time, shaped by the dual influence and pressure of China and the former Soviet Union, and provides valuable insight into the development of contemporary Uyghur scholars and intellectuals.

Overall, Zunun Qadiri’s Recollections is a vital literary work that serves as both a personal narrative and a historical document. It is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand the cultural and intellectual history of the Uyghur people in the 20th century, as well as the resilience and determination of a writer who lived through tumultuous times.